What is an antigen?

An antigen is defined as a substance that induces an immune response, which is the primary reason why the selected answer is accurate. When an antigen is introduced into the body, it is recognized by the immune system as foreign or potentially harmful, prompting the body to produce antibodies. These antibodies specifically target the antigen, leading to a cascade of immune responses designed to eliminate the threat.

Antigens can be proteins, polysaccharides, or even nucleic acids that are present on the surface of pathogens like bacteria and viruses, or they can be found in other substances like pollen or certain foods. The role of antigens is central to the immune system, as they are crucial for the identification of pathogens and the activation of immune responses aimed at protecting the body.

The other options do not encompass the full definition or function of an antigen. While the immune response mediator refers to substances involved in signaling within the immune system, it does not specifically define what an antigen is. Similarly, a type of histological stain is a reagent used to highlight structures in tissue samples for examination and does not relate to the role of antigens. A cellular component of tissues does not capture the nature of antigens, which are typically external or foreign substances to the body that provoke an immune response