What is the purpose of fixation in histology?

The purpose of fixation in histology is to preserve tissue structure and composition. Fixation is a critical step in the preparation of tissue samples for microscopic examination. It involves treating the tissue with a fixative, which is typically a chemical substance that stabilizes the proteins and cellular structures within the cells and tissues. This stabilization is crucial because it prevents autolysis (the self-digestion of cells) and putrefaction (decomposition by microorganisms), allowing the histotechnologist to maintain the original architecture and composition of the tissue for accurate analysis.

Preserving the fine details of cell morphology, intercellular connections, and the overall organization of the tissue is essential for diagnosing diseases, conducting research, and understanding various biological processes. Without proper fixation, the tissue may degrade or change, leading to unreliable results during staining and microscopic evaluation.